| 摘要 |
Disclosed are energy storage cells and battery systems made therefrom which can provide a regulated, constant voltage to a load independent of the charge state of the cells and other factors, such as cell polarization, which may cause the battery's output voltage to vary. In an illustrative embodiment, the battery system includes a dc-dc converter and a reference voltage circuit. The converter draws power from one or more energy storage cells and upconverts or downcoverts to provide an output voltage that matches the reference voltage.
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