Preparation of alkyl chloride

摘要

An apparatus for reacting propylene and chlorine to give allyl chloride comprises a tubular reactor 1 in a zone A of which are mixed gaseous propylene and chlorine using jets; the mixture is impelled downwardly past throats B of eductor nozzles, thereby drawing in hot gases from zone C and mixing instantaneously with these; the thus heated and diluted gases pass down through cylindrical zone D, where chlorination occurs, into zone E, a portion being recycled through throats B, and the rest being withdrawn at 2. In a modification, an inert gas stream may be fed past throats B and the reactants fed elsewhere in the cycle. ALSO: A method of preparing allyl chloride comprises feeding propylene and chlorine to a reaction zone in a reactor, rapidly diluting and heating this feed to allylic chlorination temperature, preferably 700-1000 DEG F., with a hot gaseous mixture comprising allyl chloride, hydrogen chloride and propylene, which gaseous mixture is provided by recycling reaction product gases without external cooling or removal from the reactor, and withdrawing the products and reactants from the reaction zone, a portion of which products and reactants is recycled to dilute and heat further reactants to allylic chlorination temperature. Either or both of the reactants may be preheated. Preferably 3 to 6 moles of propylene are used per mole of chlorine fed. A preferred apparatus comprises a tubular reactor 1 in a zone A of which are mixed gaseous propylene and chlorine using jets; the mixture is impelled downwardly past throats B of eductor nozzles, thereby drawing in hot gases from zone C and mixing instantaneously with these; the thus heated and diluted gases pass down through cylindrical zone D, where chlorination occurs, into zone E, a portion being recycled via throats B, and the rest being withdrawn at 2. In a modification an inert gas stream e.g. N2, argon, HCl or allyl chloride, may be fed past throats B and the reactants fed elsewhere in the cycle. The reaction gases may be condensed in a shower-pipe quench unit. As well as allyl chloride the products may include: 1-chloroprene, 2-chloroprene, isopropyl chloride, n-propyl chloride, 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-dichloropropane.