| 摘要 |
Crotyl chloride is made by the addition of hydrogen chloride to 1:3-butadiene in the presence of a polymerization inhibitor and a salt of a metal that is above calcium in the displacement series as given in Hackh "Chemical Dictionary," Third Edition (1944), page 283, wherein the addition reaction is conducted ab initio in the presence of, as reaction medium, of allyl chloride or a substituted allyl chloride, especially 3-chlorobutylene, 1-chlorobutylene, 1: 4-dichlorobutylene or cyclopentenyl chloride, with the use of an excess of hydrogen chloride, under super-atmospheric pressure and at a temperature within the range of -20 DEG to +80 DEG C. The preferred temperature range is within 15 DEG to 50 DEG C., the preferred pressure range 5 to 25 atmospheres gauge, the metal salt used as a catalyst is preferably a chloride and in particular iron, copper, nickel, aluminium, or zinc. 3-Chlorobutylene which is obtained as by-product may be continuously returned to the reaction mixture to be isomerized to crotyl chloride. The present Specification is an improvement on U.S.A. Specification 2,123,504, and comparative data according to this Specification and the present invention is presented in the description. The examples employ a mixture of ferric chloride and copper chloride with 3-chlorobutylene, ferric chloride and crotyl chloride, and copper chloride with zinc chloride and allyl chloride. In the U.S.A. Specification the nitrates, bromides, iodides, sulphates, acetates, sulphites, thiosulphates, phosphates, and especially the chlorides of copper, cobalt, manganese, magnesium, zinc, aluminium, iron, nickel, antimony, lead, tin and bismuth are referred to as being suitable for catalyzing the reaction. |
