| 摘要 |
A method and apparatus for the operation of a fuel cell system to avoid the freezing of water resident in one or more fuel cells during periods of system inactivity. Each fuel cell includes at least an anode, a cathode and a membrane configured to establish electrolyte communication between reaction products formed at the anode and cathode. During fuel cell system operation, a portion of the water formed remains within the fuel cell; to avoid having the water freeze and inhibit subsequent system operation, a chemical compound introduced into the fuel cells mixes with the water still resident within the fuel cell to lower the temperature upon which the onset of water freezing occurs. The chemical compound can be introduced alone under pressure in the vapour phase, or in combination with the fuel, the incoming oxygen or an inert gas. In addition, system is configured such that the chemical compound can be introduced at numerous different locations.
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