| 摘要 |
<p>Polyamides containing polyoxyethylene groups which are used in the treatment of polyamide articles are prepared (a) by the addition of a solution of adipoyl chloride and acetyl chloride dissolved in methylene chloride to hexamethylene diamine, poly (oxyethylene) diamine of average molecular weight 1540 and sodium hydroxide dissolved in water, (b) by the addition of adipoyl chloride dissolved in methylene chloride to a solution of hexamethylene diamine, poly (oxyethylene) diamine of average molecular weight 1540 and sodium hydroxide in water, (c) by a melt polymerization technique comprising adding a solution of hexamethylene diamine and poly (oxyethylen) diamine of average molecular weight 1540 in methanol to a concentrated solution of adipic acid in methanol, heating the mixture in a current of nitrogen to distil off the methanol and effecting polymerization at 282 DEG C. for 40 minutes at 6 mm. pressure in an atmosphere of nitrogen, or (d) by heating caprolactam, poly (oxyethylene) diamine of average molecular weight 1540, adipic acid and water in a sealed tube in a furnace at 220 DEG C. for 45 minutes and heating the resulting solution in a flask under a stream of nitrogen at 220 DEG C. for 2 hours. The polymers may be applied to polyamide fabrics as aqueous dispersions which may contain antioxidants, e.g. bis - (2 - hydroxy - 3 - a - methyl cyclo hexyl - 5 - methyl phenyl) methane, a mixture of zinc dinonyl dithiocarbamate with 2-a -methyl cyclohexyl-4,6-dimethyl phenol or a mixture of copper acetate, potassium iodide and sodium dihydrogen phosphate.ALSO:Textile materials made from an oriented essentially linear crystallisable polyamide are provided with a durable modified surface by subjecting them to a thermal treatment at a temperature above 40 DEG C and below the melting temperature of the textile materials whilst they are in intimate contact with a water-insoluble crystallisable polymeric compound characterised in that (a) it has a crystalline melting point above 100 DEG C measured by the temperature of disappearance of birefringence, (b) it contains crystallisable segments of repeat units identical with the repeat units forming the crystallisable portions of the polyamide textile materials and (c) it contains at least one active group serving to modify the surface of the textile materials, the active group being chemically attached to (b) through radicals containing ester or amide linkages and being selected from water solvatable polyoxyalkylene groups, acidic groups comprising sulphonic acid, phosphonic acid, carboxylic acid or ionisable salts thereof and groups which contain silicon-or fluorine-based water-repellent groups, to impart to them a low retention of static charge, surface absorption of water or increased repellency to water, specific attraction for acids or bases including basic polymers and basic dyestuff and adhesion to rubber, adhesives, gums and sizes. The polyoxyalkylene group may be polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene or copolymers thereof and may be derived from polyoxyethylene glycols having an average molecular weight at 300-6,000. The acidic group or salt thereof may be derived from a monomeric material so that the crystallisable compound contains acidic end groups, e.g. p-sulphobenzoic amide groups, or acidic difunctional groups, e.g. 5-sulphoisophthalic amide groups, or from a polymeric material, e.g. poly (hexamethylene 5-sulphoisophthalamide). The silicon and fluorine-based water-repellent groups may be derived from silicone polymers or fluorocarbon polymers having an average molecular weight of at least 300. The crystallisable polymeric compound may be applied to the textile material as molten material, as a solution in a plasticiser for the polyamide being treated, as a solution in a solvent which does not plasticise the polyamide being treated or as a suspension or dispersion in a liquid medium. The treating medium may also contain a dyestuff, an optical whitener, an antioxidant where polyoxyalkylene groups are present, e.g. bis (2-hydroxy-3-a -methylcyclohexyl-5-methylphenyl) methane or a mixture of zinc dinonyldithiocarbamate with 2-a -methylcyclohexyl-4, 6-dimethyl phenol, an antioxidant for the polyamide segments, e.g. a mixture of copper acetate, potassium iodide and sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and a crosslinking agent or a catalyst promoting cross-linking. Textile materials comprising polyamide fibres alone or in admixture with wool or cotton fibres may be treated.</p> |
