| 摘要 |
FIELD: chemical technology. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to thermochemical processing of waste, namely, to a method for processing rubber-containing and polymer-containing waste by their thermal destruction in hydrocarbon solvent in the presence of catalyst and carrying out, in particular, in parallel with utilization of wood waste. Method for processing industrial and domestic waste involves thermal destruction of rubber-containing and/or plastic waste in medium of hydrocarbon hydrogen-donating solvent in the presence of catalyst and under increased pressure and temperature. In parallel, the method involves thermolysis of wood waste and the thermal destruction process is carried out under pressure 0.1-1.0 MPa by step-by-step increase of temperature for 6 stages in hydrocarbon solvent medium in the mass ratio waste : hydrocarbon solvent = from 1:1.5 to 1:3. As a catalyst method involves using iron chloride or aluminum chloride in the amount 0.1-2.0 wt.-% per hydrocarbon solvent and the process is carried out in battery consisting of at least 5 reactors working in parallel and joined with a device for thermolysis of wood waste. At the first stage carrying out at temperature 20-65°C the method involves swelling waste for 25-30 min, and at the second stage - thermal destruction with simultaneous sampling ester and benzene fractions at 66-90°C, at the third stage - thermal destruction and sampling volatile fractions at 91-112°C, at the fourth stage - thermal destruction and sampling mean-volatile fractions at temperature 113-144°C, at the fifth stage - thermal destruction and sampling oily fractions at temperature 145-280°C, and at the final sixth stage - thermal destruction and sampling heavy fractions at temperature 281-320°C followed by holding residues after thermal destruction of waste at 320-350°C for 15-30 min. Also, method involves addition to hydrocarbon solvent of 15-25 wt.-% of oily and/or heavy fractions of thermal destruction waste obtained from fifth and/or sixth stage of the process. In the process of carrying out thermal destruction of waste heat is used that is obtained in thermolysis of wood waste carrying out with addition of part of oily and/or heavy fractions from fifth and sixth stages of the process of thermal destruction of waste into furnace for complete combustion of fuel gases obtained in thermolysis of wood waste, and/or into furnace for thermolysis of wood waste directly and taken in the amount corresponding to the mass ratio oily and/or heavy fractions : wood waste = from 1:100 to 100:1. As a solvent the method involves the expedient using fractions of aromatic hydrocarbons or o-, p-, m-xylenes or their mixtures. Method provides enhancing the effectiveness of the process for processing waste due to enhancing yield of low-boiling fractions and decreasing energy consumptions. ^ EFFECT: improved processing method of waste. ^ 1 tbl, 1 deg, 9 ex |
