| 摘要 |
<p>1,208,783. Making polyester films. E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO. 23 Oct., 1967 [21 Oct., 1966], No. 48139/67. Addition to 1,108,486. Heading B5B. [Also in Divisions G4 and H1] Self-supporting biaxially oriented, heat-set films of polyethylene terephthalate in which the polymer has an intrinsic viscosity greater than 0À82 have a density between 1À370 and 1À400, the angle of orientation of the long axis of the crystallites in the film is between 30 and 60 degrees with respect to the direction of principal orientation, and the angle of orientation of the (100) crystallite planes is less than 30 degrees with respect to the plane of the film. The polymer may be prepared by polymerization in the molten state starting from monomer which may be carried to the desired final degree of polymerization, as determined from the intrinsic viscosity of a solution of the polymer sample, the final polymerization step being continued beyond the usual limit of intrinsic viscosity of 0À60 or less, by continuing the condensation reaction at a temperature of 265‹ to 280‹ C. at 3 mm. or less pressure. Alternatively, the desired degree of polymerization may be achieved by heating the pulverized polymer or prepolymer in a stream ofinert gas which fluidizes the bed of solid material and carries off by-products of the condensation polymerization reaction. The polymer may be shaped into film either by melt extrusion or by pressing the solid polymer in an hydraulic press with heated platens or between heated rolls. The films are biaxially oriented either sequentially or simultaneously by stretching in the longitudinal and transverse directions at a stretch ratio greater than 2, preferably 3 to 6, e.g. at a temperature within the range 70‹ to 150‹ C. The heatsetting of the biaxially oriented film is accomplished by heating the film to a degree necessary to achieve the required density while holding it under restraint, e.g. at a temperature above 150‹ C. for a period sufficient to maintain the density at a value within the range 1À37 to 1À40. The intrinsic viscosity of the polymer used in the invention is measured by determining the relative viscosity of the polymer in a 1% solution at 30‹ C. in a mixture of 25 parts by volume of trifluoroacetic acid and 75 parts by volume of methylene chloride. In an example, a film is formed by melt casting from a polyethylene terephthalate formed by melt polymerization, the film is stretched first in the longitudinal and then in the transverse direction, the stretch ratio in both directions being 3 and the stretch temperature 105‹ C. The film is then heat set at a temperature within the range 190‹ to 230‹ C.</p> |
