| 摘要 |
1. A stable homogeneous motor fuel composition for standard diesel, gasturbine and jet engines, having improved water tolerance and resulting in reduced emission of pollutants, comprising, by volume: (a) from 5 % to 100 % of a component consisting of oxygen-containing organic compounds altogether exhibiting at least four different oxygen-containing functional groups selected from alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketone, ester, inorganic ester, acetal, epoxide, and peroxide groups, wherein said at least four groups is contributed to by any combination of two or more different oxygen-containing compounds, each of which contains at least one of said groups, said compounds being selected from: C1-C10 alcohols and/or 2,6,8-trimethyl-4-nonanol, aldehydes of the general formula wherein R is a C1-C8. hydrocarbon residue, ketones of the general formula wherein R and R1 each are a C1-C8 hydrocarbon residue, the same or different or, together, form a cyclic ring, mono-, di- and/or cycloethers, C1-C8 alkyl esters of C1-C22 saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, acetals having the general formula RCH(OR')2 wherein R is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl, organic esters of inorganic acids, organic peroxides of the formula R-O-O-R' where R and R' are each the same or different, organic epoxides having the general formula where R and R' are the same or different and are C1-C12 hydrocarbyls; and (b) 0 to 95 % of a hydrocarbon component, selected from the group of a diesel fraction, or a mixture of a diesel fraction and a hydrocarbon fraction lighter than the diesel fraction, a gasoil fraction or a mixture of a gasoil fraction and a hydrocarbon fraction lighter than gasoil fraction, hydrocarbon component is obtained from renewable resources, including turpentine, rosin or other oxygen-containing compounds, the hydrocarbon component is obtained from synthesis-gas, optionally obtained from biomass; or from a C1-C4 gas-containing fraction; or from pyrolysis of carbonaceous materials, optionally, comprising biomass, or a mixture thereof, said motor fuel composition having at least one, suitably at least two, and preferably all of the following properties (i) to (vii): (i) density at 20 degree C of not less than 0.775 g/cm<3>; (ii) cloud temperature is not higher than 0 degree C at atmospheric pressure; (iii) stable at atmospheric pressure from a cloud temperature not higher than 0 degree C to an initial boiling point not lower than 50 degree C; (iv) amounts of liquid evaporated by boiling at atmospheric pressure, - not more than 25% of the total volume of the motor fuel composition distills at temperatures no higher than 100 degree C; - not more than 35 % of the total volume of the motor fuel composition distills at temperatures no higher than 150 degree C; - not more than 50% of the total volume of motor fuel composition distills at temperatures no higher than 200 degree C; - not less than 98% of the total volume of the motor fuel composition distills at temperatures no higher than 400 degree C, suitably no higher than 370 degree C; and preferably no higher than 280 degree C; (v) heat of combustion on oxidation by oxygen of not less than (vi) self ignition temperature from 150 degree C to 300 degree C; and (vii) ability to accommodate at least 1% water by volume. 2. The motor fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the minimum amount of any of the at least four functional groups, calculated as the total volume of the compound(s) exhibiting the particular group, should not be lower than 0.1%, suitably not lower than 0.5%, and preferably not lower than 1% of the total volume of the fuel composition. 3. The motor fuel composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the oxygen-containing component is comprised of at least four types of organic compounds differing in functional groups containing bound oxygen, which compounds preferably exhibit one or two functional groups each, and more preferably one functional group each. 4. The motor fuel composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein one or more different compounds can exhibit the same functional group(s). 5. The motor fuel composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the oxygen-containing organic compounds are linear or sparsely branched. 6. The motor fuel composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the oxygen-containing component of the motor fuel of the invention preferably includes (i) alcohols, (ii) ethers, (iii) organic esters and (iv) at least one of aldehyde, ketone, inorganic ester, acetal, epoxide, and peroxide, and preferably all mentioned in (iv). 7. The motor fuel composition of any of the previous claims, wherein at least one of methanol or ethanol, and optionally, by-products of from the production of said methanol or ethanol is present in the oxygen-containing compound component. 8. The motor fuel composition of any of the previous claims, wherein the oxygen-containing compound component contains contaminants co-produced or present during production of said oxygen-containing compound component. 9. The motor fuel composition of any of the previous claims, which is stable at atmospheric pressure over a temperature range from a cloud temperature not higher than -35 degree C to an-initial boiling temperature not lower than 180 degree C. 10. The motor fuel composition of any of the previous claims, which is stable over a range of temperatures from a cloud point not higher than -50 degree C to an initial boiling point not lower than 50 degree C. 11. The motor fuel composition of any of the previous claims, including water in amounts of at least about 1% by volume based on the total volume of the motor fuel composition. 12. The motor fuel composition of any of the previous claims, wherein the oxygen-containing organic compound component is formed from a renewable plant resource. 13. The motor fuel composition of any of the previous claims, wherein the oxygen containing components provide reduction of deposit in the combustion chamber. 14. The motor fuel composition of any of the claims 1-6 and 8-13, exhibiting a flash point of not lower than 50 degree C. 19. Method of preparing the motor fuel composition of any of the preceding claims, comprising successively introducing into a fuel reservoir at the same temperature the components of the motor fuel composition, beginning with the component having the least density at that temperature and terminating with the component having the highest density at that temperature.
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