Improved lubricants adapted to soften carbon depositst in internal combustion engines

摘要

Oil-soluble saturated alicyclic alcohols having from 16 to 30 carbon atoms in the molecule are produced by condensing lower aliphatic ketones such as acetone or methyl ethyl ketone to form tricyclic unsaturated ketones and hydrogenating the latter to the corresponding alcohols. Thus, a C18 alicyclic alcohol is produced by agitating acetone in aqueous potassium hydroxide at 170 DEG C. and a pressure of 300 lbs. per sq. in. to form an unsaturated polycyclic ketone of the formula which is then hydrogenated to the corresponding saturated hydroxy derivative. Many organic acids are specified as suitable for forming esters of such alcohols; esters of inorganic acids such as phosphorous, phosphoric, and thio-phosphoric acids and metal salts of polybasic organic acid esters are also included. Preferred esters are allophanic and thio-allophanic esters, where R1 is the saturated alicyclic radicle, X is oxygen or sulphur, and R2, R3 are hydrocarbon radicles or preferably hydrogen. These may be prepared, for example, by reacting 1 mol. of the alcohol with 2 mols. of carbamyl chloride in benzene solution or by reacting 1 mol. of the chlorcarbonic ester with 2 mols. of urea or thiourea, or by passing cyanic acid vapours into the anhydrous alcohols, or by the reaction of carbamic esters or urethanes or thiourethanes with urea chloride. A thiophosphate derivative of the C18 alcohol may be prepared by reacting it with phosphorus pentasulphide, and the calcium salt of this body may be made by mixing it first with alcohol containing sodium ethylate and then with an alcohol solution of calcium chloride. The ester salts of other alkaline earth metals and of Zn, Al, or Li are also referred to. In another example, a naphthene allophanate is prepared by reacting petroleum naphthenic acid with carbamyl chloride. The products are used in the manufacture of lubricants.