| 摘要 |
<p>Salts of alkylbenzene sulphonic acids containing only one alkyl radicle of 10-16 carbon atoms, with or without one or two additional alkyl radicles containing one or two carbon atoms, are employed in detergent compositions (see Group III). In the examples: (1) sodium alkyltoluene sulphonate is prepared by alkylating toluene with a propylene polymer fraction to give an alkyltoluene of average composition CH3.C6H4.C12H25, the alkyltoluene is sulphonated with oleum and the sulphonation product is neutralized with aqueous sodium hydroxide; (2) sodium alkylbenzene sulphonate is prepared by alkylating benzene with a propylene polymer fraction of average molecular weight 168 and then sulphonating and neutralizing as in (1), and (3) sodium alkyltoluene sulphonate is prepared from an alkyltoluene fraction of average molecular weight 268 by sulphonating and neutralizing as in (1). The products of (1) and (3) contain sodium sulphate, but the product of (1) can be obtained almost free of sodium sulphate by extracting the sulphonation product with toluene and washing the toluene extract with water before neutralizing with sodium hydroxide.ALSO:A detergent composition, especially suitable for scouring wool, comprises 98-50 per cent by weight of a salt of an alkylbenzene sulphonic acid containing only one alkyl radicle of 10-16 carbon atoms, with or without one or two additional alkyl radicles containing one or two carbon atoms, and 2-50 per cent of a water-soluble guanidine salt. The preferred salt of an alkylbenzene sulphonic acid is a sodium alkyltoluene sulphonate, while salts of guanidine mentioned are the nitrate, hydrochloride, sulphate, phosphate, carbonate, acetate, benzoate, phthalate, carbamate and anthranilate. The detergent composition may also contain sodium sulphate or other inorganic salt. In the examples, detergent compositions are described which consist of (1) sodium alkyltoluene sulphonate (containing free sodium sulphate and prepared by alkylating toluene with a propylene polymer fraction to give an alkyltoluene of average composition CH3C6H4C12H25, then sulphonating and finally neutralizing with sodium hydroxide) and guanidine carbonate or sulphate, (2) sodium alkylbenzene sulphonate (prepared by alkylating benzene with a propylene polymer fraction of average molecular weight 168, then sulphonating and finally neutralizing with sodium hydroxide) and guanidine carbonate and (3) sodium alkyltoluene sulphonate (containing free sodium sulphate and prepared by sulphonating an alkyltoluene fraction of average molecular weight 268 and then neutralizing with sodium hydroxide) and guanidine carbonate, hydrochloride, nitrate, phosphate or sulphate. Detergency tests are described in which wool fabric is scoured with aqueous solutions of the detergent compositions of the examples.</p> |
