Ionic liquids and their ue as solvents.

摘要

Ionic compounds with a freezing point of up to 100° C. are formed by the reaction of an one amine salt of formula (I) R¹R²R³R⁴N⁺X^-, such as choline chloride with an organic compound (II) capable of forming a hydrogen bond with X; such as urea, wherein the molar ration of I to II is from 1:1.5 to 1:2.5. R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ may be H, optionally substituted C₁ to C₅ alkyl, optionally substituted C₆ to C₁₀ cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₆ to C₁₂ aryl, optionally substituted C₇ to C₁₂ alkaryl, or R¹ and R² taken together may represent a C₄ to C₁₀ optionally substituted alkylene group, thereby forming with the N atom of formula I a 5 to 11-membered heterocyclic ring and all of R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are not identical, X^- may be NO₃^-, F, Cl^-, Br^-, I^-, BF₄^-, ClO₄^-, CN^-, SO₃CF₃^-, or COOCF₃^-. The ionic compounds are useful as solvents, and electrolytes for example in electroplating, electrowinning, and electropolishing, and as catalysts.