| 摘要 |
1,058,240. Transistors. MOTOROLA Inc. Dec. 30, 1963 [Jan. 18, 1963], No. 51230/63. Heading H1K. A transistor is formed by epitaxially depositing base zone material on a heavily doped substrate forming the collector and diffusing impurity into the epitaxial material to effectively extend the collector zone to the surface around the base zone and form an emitter zone within the base zone. A typical transistor, Fig. 12, is formed by first depositing an epitaxial layer of N-type silicon, by reduction of doped silicon tetrachloride, on a heavily doped P-type silicon substrate. An oxide mask is formed, using conventional photolithographic and etching steps, to expose only the peripheral part of the epitaxial layer, and boron diffused through this to form a P-type frame joining up with the substrate to complete collector zone 2. A hole is then formed in the mask to expose a central part of the surrounded N region 6 constituting the base zone, and boron diffused through to form P-type emitter zone 9. After diffusing phosphorus into the surface of the base zone around the emitter, aluminium is vapour deposited on and alloyed to exposed parts of the zones to form base and emitter contacts 14, 13. The resulting device is bonded to a metal header via a -gold collector contact 15 and the base and emitter contacts joined to insulated pins extending through the header by thermocompression bonded wires. Slow diffusing impurities are used in the substrate and epitaxial layer to avoid flattening of the collector junction in subsequent heating steps, and the emitter diffusion step is controlled to give an abrupt junction. If desired a drift field is built into the base zone by grading the epitaxial layer. During the diffusion steps silicate glasses are formed over the oxide layer and these are retained to give additional protection in the finished device. |
