| 摘要 |
1,187,775. Detecting objects acoustically. MARCONI CO. Ltd. 24 April, 1967 [21 June, 1966; 23 Aug., 1966], Nos. 27712/66 and 37838/66. Heading H4P. In an ultrasonic presence detector of the kind which is responsive to the change in transit time of pulses of ultrasonic energy transmitted by a transmitting transducer towards and reflected by a reference surface when an (reflecting) object enters the path between the transducer and the reference surface, a predetermined responded condition is produced when such object is present and this condition is changed only on receipt of a reflected echo from the reference surface. Thus, in ultrasonic traffic detectors in which the reference surface comprises the road surface and the object comprises a vehicle, spurious indications that a vehicle has left the observation zone is prevented when, e.g. the vehicle includes a portion which is absorbent or dispersive for ultrasonic energy such as a commercial vehicle carrying a load of hay or gravel respectively. Fig. 1 shows the embodiment in which a pulse generator 2 producing pulses of 2 millisecond duration with a repetition rate controlled by a free-running multivibrator 4 energizes an ultrasonic transmitter, the pulses from which are reflected either by a road surface 3 or by a vehicle 7 (if present) and received by an ultrasonic receiver 5 the output of which is supplied via an amplifier 9 to two threshold trigger circuits 110, 210, which provide outputs fed via respective amplifiers 120, 220 to respective gates 21, 22. These gates are opened by the outputs of respective timing circuits 13, 14 forming part of a chain of timing circuits 12-15 the first, 12, of which is triggered by the same edge of the output uniform of multivibrator 4 that triggers pulse generator 2 and the output of each circuit triggering the next circuit. Gate 21 which is controlled by timing circuit 13 to open shortly after generator 2 is triggered, to prevent signals picked up by direct transmission or by break-through, from being passed, is closed shortly before the expected time of arrival of a pulse reflected by the road surface. When gate 21 closes timing circuit 14 opens gate 22 which remains open until after the expected time of arrival of a road reflected pulse. Thus when reflected pulses received by receiver 5 are supplied to gates 21, 22, threshold circuit 110 eliminating spurious signals due to reflections by cyclists, pedestrians &c. and threshold circuit 210 being adjusted to pass round reflected pulses, vehicle reflected pulses are passed by gate 21 and road reflected pulses by gate 22 to respective bi-stable circuits 23, 24. The latter circuits are "set" by the outputs of gates 21, 22 and remain in this condition until "re-set" by a pulse on lead 31 at the instant that generator 2 is triggered. When circuit 23 is "set" by a vehicle reflected pulse it supplies an output which "sets" a further bi-stable circuit 25 the polarity on the output line 27 of which is reversed and this polarity which forms the predetermined responded condition (indicating the presence of a vehicle) is supplied to utilization means such as a counter 30. The "set" output of circuit 23 is also supplied to a gate 29 which is opened only for a very short period (determined by timing circuit 15) following the expected time of arrival of a road reflected pulse and gate 29 therefore, only supplies an output if, following the resetting of circuit 23, circuit 24 is "set" by a road reflected pulse. The resetting output of gate 29 on lead 28 then "resets" circuit 25 and terminates the predetermined responded condition. Means may also be provided for utilizing the time of arrival of pulses passed by gate 21 to provide an indication of the height of the vehicle and further means may be provided for utilizing the duration of the output of the predetermined responded condition of circuit 25 to provide an indication of vehicle lengths, or, if this is known, of vehicle speed. The frequency of multivibrator 4 may be adjusted by switch means which selects appropriate time constant determining resistors to permit the apparatus to be operated with the transducers at different heights above the road surface. In order to compensate for changes in the amplitudes of reflected signals when the height is changed the effective threshold response of circuits 110, 210 is adjusted by an adjustable feed-back loop across amplifier 9 comprising a set of different resistors selected by a switch ganged to the switch which selects the time-constant determining resistors for the multivibrator (Fig. 2, not shown).
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