| 摘要 |
1. A method of resonant excitation of liquids having in their composition bonded hydrogen, by way of oscillatory influence on liquid for destructive transformation of the chemical bonds thereof at the molecular level, comprising the transfer of oscillatory energy to liquid with the help of a source of mechanical oscillations placed into liquid, characterized in that resonant excitation of liquid is effected on one of the basic frequencies, obeying by the common relationship F=F1 N<-1/2>, wherein N >= 1 - the selected integer, F1 = 63.992420 [kHz] - the basic oscillation frequency at N = 1. 2. The method of resonant excitation of hydrocarbon liquids of claim 1 with the help of a rotary hydrodynamic source of mechanical oscillations, comprising (a) supply of the liquid to be treated into a cavity (1) of a working wheel (2) rotating inside a stator (4), (b) discharge of liquid from the cavity (1) of the working wheel (2) through a series of outlet openings (8), evenly spaced along a peripheral surface (6) thereof, at that (c) said discharge of liquid is effected into an annular chamber (5) limited by the peripheral surface (6) of the working wheel (2) and an internal coaxial surface (7) of the stator (4), and (d) outflow of liquid from the annular chamber (5), characterized in that resonant excitation of liquid is effected abiding by the relationship nR = 1.16141 F, wherein n [1/s] - the rotation frequency of the working wheel, R [m] - the radius of the peripheral surface of the working wheel. 3. The method of claim 2, characterized in that the rotation frequency of the working wheel is maintained constant with a deviation from the calculated value of +/-1%. 4. A device for resonant excitation of hydrocarbon liquids, comprising (a) a rotor (11) including a shaft (12) resting on bearings and at least one working wheel (2) installed on the shaft (12), at that (b) the working wheel (2) is made as a disc (16) with a peripheral annular wall (17), wherein a series of outlet openings (8) for liquid evenly spaced along the circumference is made, (c) a stator (4), having a wall (18) coaxial to the working wheel, an intake opening (3) for the supply of liquid, communicating with a cavity (1) of the working wheel (2), and a discharge opening (10) for outflow of liquid, (d) an annular chamber (5) formed by the coaxial wall (18) of the stator (4) and peripheral annular wall (17) of the working wheel (2) and communicating with the discharge opening (10) of the stator (4), and (e) a means (20) for driving the rotor (11) with the preset rotation frequency, characterized in that the value of the external radius of the peripheral annular wall (17) of the working wheel (2) constitutes R=2.8477729n<-2/3>x10<4> [mm], wherein n = 14.651908 F<3> [r.p.m.] - the rotation frequency of the working wheel, F = 63.992420N<-1/2> [kHz] - the basic frequency of resonant excitation, N >= 1 - the selected integer, while the value of the internal radius of the coaxial wall (18) of the stator (4) constitutes R1 = R + BS(2pi)<-1> [mm], wherein B >= 1 - the selected integer, S = 7.2973531 [mm] - the pitch of outlet openings of the working wheel along the circumference of the radius R. 5. The device of claim 4, characterized in that the radial extent of the outlet openings (8) of the working wheel (2) is made multiple to the value S(2pi)<-1>. 6. The device of claim 5, characterized in that the radial extent of the outlet openings (8) of the working wheel (2) is made equal to the value S(2pi)<-1>. 7. The device of one of claims 4 - 6, characterized in that the means (20) for driving the rotor (11) comprises a system for controlling the rotation frequency thereof with a deviation of +/-1% from the calculated value thereof. 8. The method of fractionation of hydrocarbon liquids by way of distillation, comprising preliminary treatment of liquid with the help of a pre-installed rotary hydrodynamic source of mechanical oscillations, the supply of preliminarily treated liquid into a fractionating tower and the outflow of distilled and residual fractions, characterized in that preliminary treatment of liquid is effected by resonant excitation thereof according to the method of claim 2 or 3. 9. The method of fractionation of claim 8, characterized in that from the general flow of the liquid to be fractionated a partial flow is diverted, subjected to said preliminary treatment, following which both flows are combined before feeding into the fractionating tower. 10. The method of fractionation of claim 9, characterized in that the partial flow amounts to 5...80% from the full flow. 11. The method of fractionation of claim 10, characterized in that the partial flow amounts to 20...50% from the full flow. 12. The method of fractionation of one of claims 8 - 11, comprising a partial return into the fractionating tower of its own residual fraction, characterized in that the returned residual fraction is subjected to said preliminary treatment by way of resonant excitation. 13. A plant for fractionation of hydrocarbon liquids by way of distillation, comprising interconnected by pipelines a feeding pump (23), at least one fractionating tower (21) and a pre-installed rotary hydrodynamic device for the preliminary treatment of liquid, characterized in that said device for the preliminary treatment of liquid is made as a device (24) for resonant excitation of liquid of one of claims 4 - 7 and is sequentially installed between the outlet of the feeding pump (23) and the inlet of the fractionating tower (21). 14. The plant of claim 13, characterized in that the inlet of the device (24) for resonant excitation of liquid is connected to the inlet of the fractionating tower (21) through a shut-off-control element (25). 15. The plant of claim 14, characterized in that the outlet of the device (24) for resonant excitation of liquid is connected to the inlet of the fractionating tower (21) through a second shut-off-control element (26). 16. The plant of one of claims 13-15 with a loop of the partial return into the fractionating tower (21) of its own residual fraction, comprising a feeding pump (31) and a heating device (32) sequentially interconnected by pipelines, characterized in that into said loop of the partial return of residual fraction there is sequentially installed the second said device (24c) for resonant excitation of liquid.
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