Methods and apparatus for determining the time of arrival of a signal

摘要

A spread spectrum position location communication system determines the position of a mobile master radio using a round-trip messaging scheme in which the time of arrive (TOA) of ranging messages is accurately determined to yield the range estimates required to calculate the position of the mobile radio via trilateration. The master radio transmits outbound ranging messages to plural reference radios which respond by transmitting reply ranging messages. Upon reception of the reply ranging message, the master radio determines the range to the reference radio from the signal propagation time calculated by subtracting the far-end turn around time from the round-trip elapsed time. Any combination of fixed or mobile radios of known positions can be used as the reference radios for another mobile radio in the system, thereby providing adaptability under varying transmission conditions. The individual radios do not need to be synchronized to a common time reference, thereby eliminating the need for highly accurate system clocks. By performing internal delay calibration, errors caused by difficult-to-predict internal transmitter and receiver delay variations can be minimized. Leading-edge-of-the-signal curve fitting and frequency diversity techniques minimize the effects of multipath interference on TOA estimates.