PHOTONIC CRYSTAL EXHIBITING NEGATIVE REFRACTION WITHOUT REQUIRING A NEGATIVE EFFECTIVE INDEX

摘要

A periodic electromagnetic medium is disclosed that includes a surface that provides an interface with an ambient medium and a periodic structure that provides negative refraction within the medium of an incident electromagnetic field incident on the surface. In various embodiments the incident electromagnetic field is within a range of frequencies, the medium may include dielectric or metallic material, and has either a positive or negative effective index.