| 摘要 |
<p>The present invention relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems for communications systems and, more particularly, to methods, apparatuses, and systems with improved performance, flexibility, and safety. The present invention teaches the use of external pumps which can be easily connected or disconnected, and which can be automatically turned off if the external pumps are not properly connected, as determined by the detection of a counter-propagating optical signal. Similarly, the present invention also teaches how to detect a fiber break and to automatically shut down the pumps, even if the break occurs close to a Raman pumps where the reflection rate can be very high. The present invention also teaches devices, systems, and methods to increase the capacity of a transmission system without interrupting traffic, by installing additional external pumps into the amplifier. Another aspect of the present invention teaches a powerful optical amplifier having Raman and DFA portions which provides a flat optical signal-to-noise ratio and reduced non-linear penalties. The present invention also provides for an optical service channel which is amplified in the same way as the traffic-carrying channels, without the need for different kinds of amplification. The present invention discloses devices to remove an embedded board in a larger board, systems which maintain a fiber with new functional clips and retention means, and a new method to arrange circuit boards in a horizontally manner inside a rack in order to save place.</p> |
