| 摘要 |
<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image forming method with excellent durability by which residual toner after transfer is normalized uniformly and without insufficiency in image forming without a cleaner or by a contact charging system and to provide an image forming apparatus. <P>SOLUTION: A photoreceptor has a noncrystal surface layer which includes at least carbon atoms and silicon atoms. The photoreceptor is charged by applying voltage on a charging member which is brought into contact with the photoreceptor via conductive fine particles. Development is performed by using a developer provided with toner particles which are 35 to 75% in an aggregation degree, contain at least a binding resin and a colorant and indicate a charging polarity being the same as that of the photoreceptor. Thus the residual toner after transfer is collected from the photoreceptor to a developer carrier body in a succeeding developing process. In the image forming method, a value (Z) is made to be equal to or less than -20, which value is obtained by using a formula Z=ln(Y)×ΔV from a silicon atom content (Y) in the surface layer and a charging potential difference (ΔV) which is the difference between the potential on the surface of the photoreceptor and the potential of the charging member. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO |
