| 摘要 |
<p>The invention includes apparatus and methods for electrotransport of a drug or other beneficial agent through a skin or mucosal membrane surface. In one embodiment, at least one of the cathode or anode electrode (38, 50) of an electrochemical cell is configured as an electroactive needle (40) for insertion through the stratum corneum of a patient's skin. A reservoir (52) containing a beneficial agent may be provided in fluid communication with one or more electroactive needles (40), where the electroactive needle(s) (40) a hollow bore interior for transport of the beneficial agent directly into a subject's tissues. In a related embodiment, an electroactive needle (40) is configured for intravenous and/or intramuscular use. An electrotransport system (32) comprising an electrochemically active porous substrate is also disclosed. In a still further embodiment, an electrotransport system having one or more implantable active porous electrodes (338) is disclosed.</p> |
