| 摘要 |
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To precisely control the displacement of a ceramic element by making the deterioration in the displacement which occurs as the impressing time of a pulse voltage upon an operating section elapses can be suppressed even when a displacement transmitting member is placed or formed on the operating section. SOLUTION: The ceramic element 10 has an actuator section 14 having a shape holding layer 24, an upper electrode 26a formed on the layer 24, and a lower electrode 26b formed under the layer 24, a vibrating section 20 constituted of a ceramic material and supporting the actuator section 14, and a fixing section 22 constituted of a ceramic material and supports the vibrating section 20 in a state where the section 20 can vibrate. The lower electrode 26b which is in contact with the vibrating section 20 is composed of an electrode material containing an additive in an amount of 0.01-20 wt.%. The electrode material contains, for example, platinum as the main component and the additive is, preferably, a zirconium oxide, cerium oxide, or titanium oxide.
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