Liquid charging method and apparatus

摘要

A method including: (a) dispensing an electrically conductive liquid into a contact member permeable to the liquid; (b) rubbing the contact member and a surface against each other, at a contact length greater than a tangential contact length, to release the liquid from the contact member to wet the surface with the electrically conductive liquid in a layer ranging in thickness from about 1 to about 100 micrometers; and (c) electrifying the liquid at any time effective for imparting an electrical charge to the surface.