| 摘要 |
A system for accessing a patient's cardiac anatomy which includes an occluding catheter with an expandable member or balloon on a distal extremity of the catheter which when expanded within the patient's ascending aorta separates the left side of the heart from the rest of the patient's arterial system. A cardiopulmonary by-pass is connected to a major vein, e.g. femoral, and a major artery, e.g. femoral, to withdraw blood from the major vein, remove carbon dioxide, oxygenate the withdrawn venous blood and then return the oxygenated blood to the patient's arterial system through the major artery. Preferably, the heart muscle or myocardium is paralyzed by the retrograde or antegrade delivery of a liquid containing cardioplegic material to the myocardium through patient's coronary sinus and coronary veins. The pulmonary trunk is vented by withdrawing liquid from the trunk through an inner lumen of an elongated catheter or by holding at least partially open the pulmonary valve and preferably also the tricuspid valve which depressurizes the left atrium. The cardiac accessing system is particularly suitable for removing aortic valves and replacing the removed valve with a prosthetic valve. |
