| 摘要 |
An apparatus for use as a pad and for placement intermediate a rail and a railroad tie includes a plurality of cylindrical recesses that extend into the pad. An elastomeric material is used to form the pad. The cylindrical recesses may include a tiered structure, a portion of which is aligned with at least one corresponding cylindrical recess that is disposed on an opposite side of the pad. The cylindrical recesses convert vertical loading into shear forces that are distributed within the pad. Deformation of the pad due to shear and Poisson's ratio occurs substantially within the pad itself thereby lessening the horizontal movement, or scrubbing action, of the pad upon the railroad tie. As long as the loading that is applied to the pad is within the elastic limit of the material used to form the pad, there is minimal wear experienced by either the pad or the railroad tie. Accordingly, the life expectancy of the pad and of the railroad tie are both increased. A method for strain attenuation by the use of shear is disclosed.
|
