| 摘要 |
An apparatus and a method for providing three dimensional seismic images using directional sensing rotation within a geological structure's complete vector field produced by seismic energy emanating from seismic scatterers in the sub-surface of the geological structure, which significantly reduces the need for distribution of seismic energy sources and receivers over the entire surface of the geological structure. The apparatus includes an omni-azimuthal source of seismic energy 22 positioned adjacent a surface of a geological structure 18 for emitting a signal 27 of sufficient energy and bandwidth to produce seismic energy 28 and 97 from the seismic scatterers in the geological structure 18. A plurality of arrays of sensors 20 are also provided. Each array 20 has directional sensing receivers 30 aligned in the geological structure 18 for receiving and measuring the seismic energy 28 and 97 to create a complete vector field. The complete vector field is processed using sensing rotation with uphole summing and triangulation to generate a three dimensional seismic image and provide directional measurements that precisely locate the seismic scatterers 24. The method includes establishing an acquisition system 19 having a plurality of arrays 20 below a surface containing the geological structure 18; energizing the seismic scatterers 24 with a seismic disturbance 27; and recording a complete vector field response of the seismic scatterers 24 to the seismic disturbance 27.
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