| 摘要 |
1. A process for making a substituted thiophene compound having the formula where: R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl or aryl, and a ring combining R1 and R2, comprising 5-7 atoms; R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 alkyl, aryl, and substituted equivalents thereof; Z is CN or CO2R4 wherein R4 is chosen from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl and aryl and the substituted equivalents thereof, H, Na, Li, K, and NH4<+>; comprising: (a)( 1) reacting a mercaptoketone having the formula where: R1 and R2 are defined above with an acrylic compound having the formula where: R3 is defined above A is selected from the group consisting of C1-4 alkoxy, in the presence of an effective amount of a base as a catalyst; (b) aromatizing by acid treatment; and (c) recovering the substituted thiophene product. 2. The process of Claim 1, wherein the mercaptoketone is formed by: (a) reacting a haloketone having the formula where: R1 and R2 are as defined in Claim 1 X is a suitable leaving group such as halogen (C1, Br, I) or methanesulfonyloxy with NaSH in an aqueous/organic, two-phase solvent system; and (b) isolating the mercaptoketone as a solution in the organic solvent. 3. The process of Claim 2, wherein the organic solution of the mercaptoketone is dried by azeotropic distillation or by contact with a desiccant. 4. The process of Claim 1, wherein said base catalyst is an alcoholate. 5. The process of Claim 4, wherein said alcoholate is selected from the group consisting of sodium methoxide, sodium tert-amylate, potassium tert-amylate, and potassium tert-butoxide. 6. The process of Claim 1, wherein said reaction is carried out in the presence of a hydrocarbon solvent. 7. The process of Claim 1, wherein said reaction is carried out at a temperature between about 0-50 degree C. 8. The process of Claim 1, wherein the amount of said base catalyst is about 0.025-0.2 equivalents relative to the amount of the mercaptoketone. 9. The process of Claim 1, wherein step (b) comprises adding an effective amount of aqueous acid to the product of the reaction of (a) to convert any substituted tetrahydrothiophene to the equivalent substituted thiophene; and wherein step (c) comprises the steps of: (c)(1) phase separating the organic portion of the mixture of aqueous acid and reaction product of (b); (c)(2) evaporating any hydrocarbon solvent present to yield crude product thiophene; and (c)(3) distilling the crude thiophene product of (2) to yield a refined thiophene product. 10. The process of Claim 1, wherein step (a) further comprises the steps of: (a)(2) adding dilute sulfuric acid to the product of the reaction of (a)(1); (a)(3) adding ethyl acetate to the combined sulfuric acid and reaction product of (a)(2); (a)(4) phase separating the organic portion of the mixture of ethyl acetate, sulfuric acid and reaction product formed in (a)(3); and (a)(5) washing the organic phase separated in (a)(4) with aqueous brine, drying the washed organic phase with sodium sulfate, and evaporating the ethyl acetate and any hydrocarbon solvent present to produce a mixture of substituted tetrahydrothiophene and substituted thiophene; wherein step (b) comprises treating the mixture of substituted tetrahydrothiophene and substituted thiophene produced in (a)(5) with aqueous HCl to convert the substituted tetrahydrothiophene to the substituted thiophene; and wherein step (c) comprises the steps of: (c)(1) adding water and ethyl acetate to the substituted thiophene - aqueous HC1 mixture of (a)(6); (c)(2) phase separating the organic portion of the water-ethyl acetate-HCl thiophene mixture of (c)(1); and (c)(3) washing the organic portion separated in (c)(2) with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, drying with Na2SO4, and evaporating the ethyl acetate to yield the substituted thiophene product. 11. A tetrahydrothiophene having the formula where: R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl or aryl, and a ring combining R1 and R2, comprising 5-7 atoms; R3 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 alkyl, aryl, and substituted equivalents thereof; Z is CN or CO2R4, wherein R4 is chosen from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl and aryl and the substituted equivalents thereof, H, Na, Li, K, and NH4<+>; and A is C1-4 alkoxy group. |
