| 摘要 |
Aqueous polyurethane dispersions are prepared by reacting a compound containing at least two reactive hydrogen atoms at least one of which is contained by a hydroxyl group and having a M.W. of 300 to 20,000, a polyisocyanate and, if desired, a chain lengthening agent, so that a cross-linked polyurethane mass is formed containing free isocyanate groups, the cross-linking being achieved by using a greater excess of NCO groups in the polyurethanes mass than corresponds to the amount of free NCO groups remaining in the mass, or by using at least one tri- or tetrafunctional reaction component, the polyurethane mass, after being converted to the form of a microgel, being reacted with a compound containing at least one hydrogen atom reactive with NCO groups and at least one salt-type group or group capable of salt formation and thereafter dispersing the product in water, in the case of compounds being used which contain at least one group capable of salt formation after, at least partial conversion into the salt form, either in the organic solvent or at the time of dispersion of the polyurethane mass in water. The cross-linked polyurethane is prepared from conventional polyisocyanates, polyhydroxy compounds such as polyethers and polyesters and chain lengthening agents such as glycols, diamines, aminoalcohols and water. Compounds containing at least one reactive hydrogen atom and at least on salt-type group or group capable of salt formation may be compounds containing carboxylic acid groups or sulphonic acid groups capable of salt formation, compounds having quaternatable or ternatable groups which can be neutralized with acids and compounds which contain halogen atoms capable of quaternating reactions or the esters thereof with strong acids. Compounds suitable for converting groups into the salt form are organic and inorganic bases, sulphides, phosphines, inorganic and organic acids and compounds containing reactive halogen atoms and esters of such acids. The aqueous dispersions may be blended with emulsifiers, dispersions of like charge and dispersions of fillers.
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