| 摘要 |
A transducer provides (a) increased magnitudes of vibrations without cracking and (b) increased power to the transducer, in response to alternating voltages, for producing transducer vibrations with increased magnitudes. A polycrystalline ceramic (e.g. polycrystalline lead titanate or polycrystalline lead zirconate) has a looped configuration with a gap and has properties of vibrating upon an introduction of an alternating voltage, preferably rich in harmonies, to the ceramic. The ceramic is cryogenically treated as by initially reducing its temperature to approximately -100° C., then disposing the ceramic in liquid nitrogen and thereafter gradually increasing its temperature to approximately room temperature. This increases the dielectric strength of the ceramic by prestressing the ceramic, thereby providing for the ceramic to receive increased voltages without cracking. An alternating voltage rich in harmonics (e.g. square wave voltage) may be applied to the ceramic. The transducer also includes a support member (e.g. steel or aluminum) having a looped configuration and having a gap aligned with the ceramic gap and having properties of vibrating with the ceramic. The support member envelopes, and is attached to, the ceramic. The support member may have a uniform thickness around its periphery or a progressively increasing thickness with progressive distances in opposite directions from the gap to enhance its ability to withstand cracking when subjected to vibrations. In other embodiments, a plurality of transducers may be combined in different ways to form a transducer assembly with enhanced power characteristics.
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