| 摘要 |
An apparatus for measuring electrical signals emanating from a body of a patient, and, in particular, from the patient's heart, comprises a catheter having an electrode array, preferably on its distal end. The apparatus of the invention further comprises a first amplifier for measuring a voltage from a first electrode of the array, and a cascade of differential amplifiers, each of which measures a voltage difference between two successive electrodes in the array. The voltage, Vn, at electrode n is given by the expression: <math-cwu id="MATH-US-00001"> <number>1</number> <math> <mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mrow> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </munderover> <mo></mo> <mstyle> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> <mo></mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math> <mathematica-file id="MATHEMATICA-00001" file="US20020161306A1-20021031-M00001.NB"/> <image id="EMI-M00001" wi="216.027" he="24.01245" file="US20020161306A1-20021031-M00001.TIF" imf="TIFF" ti="MF"/> </math-cwu> wherein a1, is the voltage at the first electrode as measured by the first amplifier and each a1, is a differential voltage between electrode i and electrode (i-1) of the array as measured by the differential amplifiers. The catheter electrode array preferably comprises at least one contact electrode and a plurality of non-contact electrodes, the first amplifier is preferably used to measure the signal at the contact electrode and the amplifier cascade is preferably used to measure the signals from the non-contact electrodes. The catheter further preferably comprises at least one position sensor, preferably, an electromagnetic position sensor.
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