| 摘要 |
<p>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce absorption at a long wavelength in a translucent conductive film where the carrier density is less than 6×10<20> /cm<3> , and the amount of oxygen is large. SOLUTION: A photovoltaic elements has the lamination structure of a transparent conductive film 6, an amorphous or a microcrystalline conductive type semiconductor layer 4, and a crystal-family semiconductor substrate 1 from the surface of a light reception surface side at least at the light reception surface side of nearly a plate-like photovoltaic module 31. In the transparent conductive film 6, carrier density is less than 6×10<20> /cm<3> .</p> |
