| 摘要 |
<p>A system for the simulation of head injuries; namely ballistic penetration of the skull by a projectile (500, 505, 510). Cohesive theories, in conjunction with explicit simulation of fracture and fragmentation, are applied to finite element simulations (500) of firearm injuries to the human cranium. The simulation explicitly reproduces the impact (505), the nucleation of fracture, the extension of damage, and the scattering of comminuted fragments. In one embodiment, the bullet-skull impact is obtained with an approximated version of a nonsmooth contact algorithm. In one embodiment, the explicit simulation of fracture nucleation and propagation is achieved by a self-adaptive fragmentation procedure. In yet another embodiment, the progressive decohesion of fractures is modeled by cohesive elements.</p> |
