| 摘要 |
A photovoltaic element having a specific transparent and electrically conductive layer on a back reflecting layer, said transparent and electrically conductive layer comprising a zinc oxide material and having a light incident side surface region with a cross section having a plurality of arcs arranged while being contacted with each other, said arcs having a radius of curvature in the range of 300 ANGSTROM to 6 mu m and an angle of elevation from the center of the curvature in the range of 30 to 155 DEG , and said cross section containing regions comprising said plurality of arcs at a proportion of 80% or more versus the entire region of the cross section. <IMAGE> |
