| 摘要 |
A surface-selective nonlinear optical technique, such as second harmonic or sum frequency generation, is used to detect target-probe binding reactions or their effects, at an interface, without the use of labels. In addition, the direction of the nonlinear light is scattered from the interface in a well-defined direction and therefore its incidence at a detector some distance from the interface may be easily mapped to a specific and known location at the interface.
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