| 摘要 |
Protection of urinary system (ureter, bladderm urethra) against intraoperative injuries: A protective system for instant noticing and recovering any injuries (penetrative/cut and plugging type injuries) may occur in urinary system recoverable later with high costs if not observed during operation. Metal conducting wire (2) is passed through (1) and catheter is advanced towards bladder from urethra. Dropping catheter (3) added bladder (4) is attached to the backside of catheter. The cable (5) coming from the device is connected to the tip of metal conducting wire exiting outside from the side. Dropping catheter is firmly fixed in vertical position inside the photocell foot system (6). This photocell system (&) is connected to the device with a multicable. When the button of the device (10) is turned on the signals coming from dropping catheter starts a new counting by resetting the counter (11) on the device. Each new signal coming from photocell and the last count at output of counter (11) on the device. Each new signal coming from photocell and the last count at output of counter (11) is shown on digital display (12) and saved up to the next signal. The frequency of the wave generator (13) was adjusted in such a way that the last digit is shown with 1/10 second error and it shows the period between drops in second. If any plugging occurs in urine flow the situation is noticed since the period between drops shall be extended. Surgeon connects the cable coming from device-on which S 3 (15) switch is installed-on the handle of device that he/she uses. Having contacting the tip of the device used before risky action on the tissue, surgeon turns the S 3 (15) switch on. Hence the device indicates that the alarm situation has been started thanks to the relay (17). Device continuously measures the voltage between metal conductor (2) in the bladder and the active tip connecting the analog/digital converter (18) and saves this into its memory (19). Before turning of S 3 switch on, there is the result of measure of voltage between the last contacted tissue and the conducting wire in the bladder in the memory. After turning S 3 (15) on, S 1 (20) is turned off and S 2 (21) is turned on thanks to the relay the voltage comes to the other tip of comparator (22). If the tool used by the surgeon may contact urinem since the conductivity of the urine is higher, a low resistance occurs in the circuit formed by the conductive wire in the bladder and the tool used by the surgeon. This naturally reduces the voltage between two tips. This decrease causes formation of alarm signal when the tolerance limit is exceeded.
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