| 摘要 |
A method of performing percutaneous transformal endoscopic lumbar surgery on a patient, includes the steps of creating an opening in the patent's skin, passing at least one tubular cannula through the opening so as to create a soft tissue tunnel, placing a semi-tubular spreader over a the at least one tubular cannula inside the soft tissue tunnel, placing a flat blade spreader into an opening formed by the semi-tubular spreader, dilating the opening by spreading apart blades of the flat blade spreader, inserting bone grafts through the opening and into an intervertebral space of the patient.
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