Time-of-flight mass spectrometer

摘要

A time-of-flight mass spectrometer includes a gridless dual-stage ion reflector (10) having a high-field first stage (18) and a low-field second stage (19). The ratio of the electric field strength in the low-field second stage (19) to the electric field strength in the high-field first stage (18) is 0.55, and may be in the range 0.35 to 0.07.