An ITO heater

摘要

The invention relates to an ITO heater (1) for a liquid crystal display (2), typically a DSTN display which comprises an active liquid crystal cell (12) for optical modulation, characterised by a dummy cell (11) adapted for optical compensation comprising two substrates (13) with liquid crystal (14) therebetween, by a heater (1), the heater comprising a transparent conductive layer applied to one of the substrates, and by the dummy cell (11) further comprising electrically conductive spacing means (15) for simultaneously maintaining a desired cell gap and equalizing the electrical potential between the two substrates (13). <IMAGE>