Electrophotographic photosensitive member, and process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member

摘要

An electrophotographic photosensitive member has, in this order, a support, a photosensitive layer and a protective layer. The thickness d (mum) of the protective layer, the universal hardness Hu-1 (N/mm2) of the protective layer, and the universal hardness Hu-2 (N/mm2) of the photosensitive layer after peeling off the protective layer satisfy the following expression (1): 5.8xd+Hu-2<=Hu-1<=-2.45xd2+44.4xd+Hu-2 (1). Also disclosed are a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus which have the above electrophotographic photosensitive member.