| 摘要 |
metallurgy; methods of control of melting process in electric furnaces. SUBSTANCE: proposed method includes proportioning charge components, loading them in furnace, regulating thermal and electric modes of melting by maintaining working power of furnace through displacement of electrodes and/or changing-over of stages of voltage of furnace transformer, determination of parameters of melting process under control, generation of control actions, obtaining preset temperature and chemical composition of products of melting through use of control actions, tapping products of melting from furnace; used as initial parameters for generation of control actions is introduction of slag-forming and reducing agents, energy carriers and gases; mass and chemical composition of components of melts and slag, as well their temperature are used as parameters under control; these data are determined during entire melting period at intervals of 5 to 12 s; mass and chemical composition are determined by parameter of state of system: atoms and electrons are considered to be independent units of thermal motion of metal and slag in calculating the parameter; in calculating its configuration part, energy nonequivalence of permutation of these units is taken into account; magnitudes of working activity of power, type, amount and procedure of introducing additives in the course of melting are determined continuously through calculation of material and thermal balance at minimum cost of melting; duration of melting is additionally checked taking into account idle time and/or unauthorized change in mass of additives and/or gases; temperature is found from balance of input energy and difference of enthalpies of additives and products of melting; enthalpy of slag is calculated by design formula. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency; low cost of melting. 1 tbl, 1 ex |
