METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CALIBRATING A MULTI-LEVEL CURRENT MODE DRIVER AND FOR GENERATING A MULTI-LEVEL REFERENCE VOLTAGE IN SYSTEMS USING EQUALIZATION OR CROSSTALK CANCELLATION

摘要

The current controller includes a multi-level voltage reference and receives at least onesource calibration signal. A comparator is coupled by a coupling network t the multi-level voltage reference and the source calibration signal. A selected voltage is applied from the multi-level voltage reference and a selected source calibration signal is applied to the comparator. Further, system and method are shown for generation of at least one reference voltage level in a bus system. A reference voltage generator on a current driver includes at least one reference voltage level, at least one control signal, and an active device. The active device is coupled to the at least one control signal, such as a current signal, and a selected reference voltage of the at least one reference voltage level. The active device is arranged to shift the at least one reference voltage level based on the at least one current control signal such as an equalization signal, a crosstalk signal, or the combination thereof, employed on the current driver. Further, low-latency equalization mechanisms for multi-PAM communication systems are disclosed that reduce delay and complexity in signal correction mechanisms. The equalization mechanisms tap into input signals for a multi-PAM signal driver, and compensate for attenuation along a signal transmission line, crosstalk between adjacent lines, and signal reflections due to impedance discontinuities along the line.