| 摘要 |
A process is provided for the separation of ammonia (I) from mixtures (II) containing ammonia (I) and an amide (IV) selected from the group consisting of a lactam (IVa), an oligomer (IVb) and a polymer (IVc) with amide groups in the main chain, said amide (IV) having been obtained by reacting educts (III), selected from the group consisting of nitrites (IIIa), amines (IIIb), amino nitrites (IIIc) and amino amides (IIId), with water, wherein a) the educt (III) is reacted with water in the liquid phase, in the presence of an organic liquid diluent (V), to give a mixture (II) containing the amide (IV) and the ammonia (I), the diluent (V) exhibiting a miscibility gap with water under certain quantity, pressure and temperature conditions, b) the mixture (II) is converted under quantity, pressure and temperature conditions such that the diluent (V) and the water are in liquid form and exhibit a miscibility gap, to give a two-phase system consisting of a phase (VII) containing a higher proportion of diluent (V) than water, and a phase (VIII) containing a higher proportion of water than diluent (V), c) the phase (VII) is separated from the phase (VIII), d) all or part of the ammonia present in the phase (VII) is separated off by extraction (a) with a water-containing mixture (IX) to give an aqueous mixture (X) containing the ammonia which has been separated off, and a mixture (XI) containing less ammonia than the phase (VII), and e) the diluent (V), any residual ammonia and any by-products selected from the group consisting of low-boiling components, high-boiling components and unreacted compounds (III) are separated from the mixture (XI) to give the amide (IV). |
