COMPOSITES AND COMPOSITE MEMBRANES

摘要

The invention relates to a composite or a composite membrane consisting of an ionomer and of an inorganic optionally functionalized phyllosilicate. The isomer can be: (a) a cation exchanger polymer; (b) an anion exchanger polymer; (c) a polymer containing both anion exchanger groupings as well as cation exchanger groupings on the polymer chain; (d) a blend consisting of (a) and (b), whereby the mixture ratio can range from 100 % (a) to 100 % (b). The blend can be ionically and even covalently cross-linked. The inorganic constituents can be selected from the group of the phyllosilicates or tectosilicates. The use of bentonites and zeolites are generally preferred in special montomorillonite. The mixture ratio isomer:bentonite ranges from 99:1 to 30:70. The invention also relates to the application of the composites/composite membranes: as proton conductors in membrane fuel cells (H2 fuel cells PEFC, direct methanol fuel cells DMFC) at temperatures greater than 100 DEG C; in (electro)membrane separation methods such as dialysis, diffusion dialysis, gas separation, pervaporation, perstraction and in microfiltration and ultrafiltration, particularly due to their antifouling properties, and; as catalytic membranes in catalytic membrane reactors.