Electrophotographic photosensitive member, and process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member

摘要

An electrophotographic photosensitive member has, in this order, a support, a photosensitive layer and a protective layer. The thickness d ( mu m) of the protective layer, the universal hardness Hu-1 (N/mm<2>) of the protective layer, and the universal hardness Hu-2 (N/mm<2>) of the photosensitive layer after peeling off the protective layer satisfy the following expression (1): <DF NUM="(1).">5.8 x d + Hu-2 ≤ Hu-1 ≤ -2.45 x d<2> + 44.4 x d + Hu-2 </DF> Also disclosed are a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus which have the above electrophotographic photosensitive member.