Preventing precipitation of calcium and magnesium salts in water by treatment with activated carbon which has been surface-modified with functional groups stabilizing the water hardness

摘要

Precipitation of poorly-soluble calcium- and/or magnesium-salts is prevented by passing water through or onto the surface of an activated carbon layer. The activated carbon having had functional groups which stabilize the water hardness formed on its surface by heat, chemical and/or electrochemical pre-treatment. An independent claim is included for apparatus comprising a water treatment space containing an activated carbon surface modified with functional groups as above.