| 摘要 |
A method of continuously, non-invasively determining the cardiac output of a patient. The method includes intermittently measuring the cardiac output, the volume of carbon dioxide exhaled by the patient per breath, and determining the arterial-venous gradient of the patient or a similar substantially constant value by dividing the volume of carbon dioxide exhaled by the measured cardiac output. The arterial-venous gradient or similar substantially constant value may then be employed to determine the cardiac output of the patient on a breath-by-breath basis. The carbon dioxide elimination, which is non-invasively measured as the volume of carbon dioxide exhaled by the patient per breath, is divided by the arterial-venous gradient or the substantially constant value to determine the cardiac output. The method may also include generating a signal to compensate for any non-metabolic changes in the carbon dioxide elimination, arterial-venous gradient, or other respiratory or blood gas profile measurements that may be caused by a change in ventilation or breathing of the patient. The compensatory signal may be employed to modify one or more of the respiratory or blood gas profile measurements in order to facilitate the accurate determination of cardiac output during or after changes in ventilation or breathing.
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