METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR PROCESSING RADIOACTIVE WASTES

摘要

The invention relates to radioactive waste reprocessing. The inventive reprocessing method consists in supplying waste-containing packages to a plasma furnace, in pyrolysing said wastes in such a way that a coke residue is oxidised and in removing a melted slag and pyrolysis gas from the furnace, in after-burning the pyrolysis gas at a temperature of 1220-1350°С by supplying air thereto at two levels, i.e. at the level of the pyrolysis gas supply to a pre-combustion chamber and at the level of the top part of the combustion chamber main volume, in cooling exhaust gases to a temperature of 200-250°С, in consequently mechanically and absorbingly removing a condensed moisture and aerosols therefrom and in finally purifying said exhaust gases. The inventive plant comprises a waste loading unit provided with the loading hopper communicating by means of the sealed conveyor belt a with a warehouse which is used for storing waste-containing packages and provided with waste presence sensors. Said loading hopper is provided with sealed shutters, a thermal screen and a loading sleeve. Said plant comprises a plasma shaft furnace provided with a melter unit and a slag draining unit connected to a slag melt receiving box, a device for supplying air to the furnace, a gas duct, a pyrolysis gas combustion chamber, a vapour heat exchanger and a gas-cleaning system. The furnace is provided in the shaft top part with centrifugal jet nozzles for emergency watering. The combustion chamber comprises the pre-combustion chamber and is provided with a plasmatron, which is arranged on the pre-combustion chamber lid, and with two devices for supplying air thereto. The gas-cleaning system is also provided with a gas filter-separator and a fine filter.