摘要 |
<p>An optical device for illumination includes a first space (SP1) surrounding an optical path of an energy beam for irradiating an object, a second space (SP2) surrounding the first space (SP1), and a third space (SP3) surrounding the second space (SP2). The first to third spaces (SP1, SP2, SP3) are controlled to have different target doping concentrations. A source of contamination such as an actuator can thus be isolated to maintain the space surrounding the optical path chemically clean.</p> |