| 摘要 |
<p>A method of cleaning normally immersed ultrafiltration or microfiltration membranes (24) reduces the rate of decline in the permeability of the membranes (24) so that intensive recovery cleaning is required less frequently. In one aspect, cleaning events using a chemical cleaner are started before the membranes (24) foul significantly and are repeated between 1 and 7 times per week. The product of the concentration of the chemical cleaner expressed as an equivalent concentration of NaOCI and the duration of all cleaning events is between 2,000 minutes.mg/l and 30,000 minutes.mg/l per week. When performed in situ, each cleaning event comprises (a) stopping permeation and any agitation of the membranes (24), (b) backwashing the membranes (24) with a chemical cleaner in repeated pulses and (c) resuming agitation, if any, and permeation. The pulses last for between 10 seconds and 100 seconds and there is a time between pulses between 50 seconds and 6 minutes. Each cleaning event typically involves between 5 and 20 pulses. In another aspect, cleaning events using a pulsed backwash of heated water are similarly started before the membranes (24) foul significantly and are repeated between twice a day and once every two days.</p> |
