| 摘要 |
<p>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To stably keep the desired quantity of electric charges and to ensure superior environmental stability. SOLUTION: This element adjusting the quantity of electrostatic charges has a surface layer containing a nonlinear resistive element on a substrate such as a carrier, a developer sleeve, a developer blade or a transfer belt and it is obtained by forming the surface layer comprising a thin film of a multiple metal oxide produced from metals including at least one metal selected from A-group metals (Zn, Ti, Si, Al and Zr) and at least one metal selected from B-group metals (Bi, Sb, C, Y, La, Pr, Sc, Ce, Sn and Pb) or forming the surface layer by the dispersion of powder of the multiple metal oxide in a high molecular compound.</p> |
