Surface-functionalized, probe-containing nanospheres

摘要

The present invention relates to a series of nanospheres, having diameters of less than about 50 nm, and having probe ion cores surrounded by layers of surfactant and by a polymer shell. The surface of the shell is functionalized with acid compounds, at least one of which includes a spacer between the nanosphere surface and the acid functionality. In some alternative embodiments, the surface is also functionalized with long-chain ester and alcohol groups. The probe ion core improves the sensitivity and reproducibility of immunoassay procedures. The acid compounds on the surface minimize self-agglomeration of the nanospheres and improve the coupling of the nanosphere with antibodies. The ester and alcohol groups enhance the aqueous suspension characteristics and the shelf life of the nanospheres.