摘要 |
An apparatus for the thermal management of an electro-chemical fuel cell assembly (11), wherein a plurality of thermal management loops (31 and 32) in contact with the fuel cell assembly (11) are utilized to maintain the fuel cell assembly (11) above freezing or, alternatively, raise the fuel cell assembly (11) above freezing. The thermal management loops (31 and 32) are in thermal communication with the fuel cell assembly (11) as well as each other, but are diffusably isolated from one another. |